Transcript · English → Chinese
English → Chinese transcript
生物医学信号是机体生理活动的物 理表现形式。
对它们的采集和分析能够提供关于 机体功能状态的客观信息，
涉及各个器官和系统。
广义而言，生物信号是任何由活体组 织产生的信号，而
生物医学信号则特指那些源自人体 并可在体表
或借助专门仪器检测到的信号。
在这些信号中，生物电信号（或称生 物电位）占据核心地位，
因为它们来源于兴奋性细胞（如神经 元和肌纤维）的电化学活动。
这些生物电位的起源在于膜电位的 变化，而膜电位则由
细胞膜两侧钠和钾离子的分布所决 定。
从物理角度来看，生物医学信号具有 共同的基本参数，如振幅、
周期、频率、波长和相位。
实际上，振幅通常在微伏到毫伏量级 的窄范围内，
并且受到信号源与测量点之间距离 的影响，
以及传导介质特性的影响。
同样，波长和相位用来描述波在一个 周期内的形状
和相对位置。
在获取这些信号时，会使用体表电极 或侵入式电极，
通过基于氧化还原反应和半电池电 位平衡的电极—电解质界面，
将离子电流转换为电子电流。
最后，生物医学信号还可以根据所涉 及能量的性质进行分类。
在它们的传输过程中。
生物电、生物磁、生物声学、 生物阻抗、生物力学、生物化学或生 物光学。
End of transcript · 266 words · machine translated
Original transcript (English)
Biomedical signals are physical manifestations of the organism's physiological activity. Their acquisition and analysis provide objective information about the functional state of organs and systems. Broadly speaking, a biosignal is any signal generated by living tissue, while a biomedical signal specifically refers to those originating in the human body and detectable on its surface
or through specialized instrumentation. Among these, bioelectrical signals, or biopotentials, occupy a central place as they derive from the electrochemical activity of excitable cells such as neurons and muscle fibers. The origin of these biopotentials lies in variations in membrane potential determined by the ionic distribution of sodium and potassium on either side of the cell membrane.
From a physical standpoint, biomedical signals share fundamental parameters such as amplitude, period, frequency, wavelength, and phase. In fact, the amplitude is usually within narrow ranges on the order of microvolts to millivolts and is conditioned by the distance between the source and the point of measurement as well as by the properties of the conducting medium.
Likewise, wavelength and phase describe the shape and relative position of the wave within a cycle. For their acquisition, surface or invasive electrodes are used that transform ionic currents into electronic currents through an electrode-electrolyte interface based on redox reactions and half-cell potential equilibrium.
Finally, biomedical signals can be classified according to the nature of the energy involved in their transmission. Bioelectrical, biomagnetic, bioacoustic, bioimpedance, biomechanical, biochemical, or biooptical.
