Transcript · English → Indonesian
The City of London and Its Financial Power
Kemaharajaan Britania telah tenggelam, nyaris tanpa meninggalkan jejak,
tetapi City of London beradaptasi dan bertahan hidup.
City of London, distrik keuangan London, adalah
tempat yang aneh.
Ini disebut kota di dalam kota, negara di dalam negara.
Wilayah ini dikelola oleh organisasi bernama City of London Corporation,
sebuah perusahaan swasta yang menjalankan semua fungsi dewan
lokal dengan kepolisian swasta dan pengadilan swasta.
Bagi kalian yang bukan dari Inggris, bahkan beberapa dari kalian, eh, mungkin tidak
menyadari betapa anehnya hal tentang City of
London kecil di dalam kota be- London yang besar.
City of London adalah, eh, suatu, entitas terpisah
dari, eh, London yang lebih luas, dan memiliki,
eh, pemimpinnya sendiri, Lord Mayor, yang berbeda dari wali kota yang
mengelola bagian London lainnya.
Setiap November, kota ini menggelar Lord Mayor's Show,
prosesi sipil
tertua di dunia.
City of London telah lama memiliki status hukum yang unik ini
karena, um, pada 1066 silam saat William the Conqueror datang,
kota ini adalah salah satu dari sedikit wilayah Inggris yang gagal dia taklukkan,
dan dia membuat kesepakatan dengan kota ini pada 1067 yang memungkinkan mereka untuk terus
beroperasi.
Hingga hari ini, City of London dibebaskan dari banyak hukum yang
mengatur wilayah Britania lainnya.
Sistem politiknya berasal dari Abad Pertengahan.
Para pemilih di kota ini didominasi bukan oleh penduduknya,
melainkan oleh
bisnis swasta yang beroperasi di dalam kota.
Lord Mayor-nya dipilih oleh para ketua gilda abad pertengahan.
Mereka memiliki per-, perwakilan di House of Commons
disebut Remembrancer. Selain para panitera
dari House of
Commons, dia satu-satunya orang tak terpilih di sana.
Semua pelobi lain harus berhenti, kau tahu, di lobi.
Mereka tak diizinkan—
Ya.
melewati lobi.
City of London punya perwakilan tetap di House of Commons,
yang perannya melapor kembali ke City of London Corporation dan
melobi Parlemen atas nama kota ini.
Corporation of London, jelas sekali,
merupakan fenomena yang sangat unik dan menarik
yang seharusnya menarik minat, um, banyak ilmuwan politik, ekonom
politik, dan ekonom.
Namun, aku tak tahu ada yang meneliti secara sistematis
Corporation of London dan dampaknya
terhadap kebijakan
atau kebijakan ekonomi,
jadi kita hanya bisa menduga.
Sebagian orang,
uh, berasumsi atau menduga bahwa Corporation of London
sangatlah
berkuasa
dan mampu, dengan satu atau lain cara, membentuk,
uh, kebijakan Inggris, khususnya dalam urusan keuangan.
Clement Attlee, perdana menteri setelah Perang Dunia
Kedua, um, per- pernah,
menyampaikan sesuatu tentang City of London Corporation.
Memang benar.
Jadi, ya.
Ya. Jadi berulang kali, kita telah menyaksikan bahwa ada
kekuatan lain di negeri ini
selain kekuatan yang berkedudukan di Westminster.
City of London, istilah praktis untuk kumpulan
kepentingan
finansial, mampu menegaskan pengaruhnya terhadap
pemerintah
negara ini. Mereka yang mengendalikan uang bisa mengambil
kebijakan di
dalam dan luar negeri yang bertentangan dengan keputusan
rakyat.
Di
jantung City of London berdirilah Bank of England.
Bank of England bukan sekadar bank sentral, melainkan juga
regulator keuangan.
Saat runtuhnya imperium, Bank of England menggunakan otoritas
regulasi ini untuk membantu menarik bank-bank dunia ke London.
Pada 1972, Bank of England—
Dan meski Perdana Menteri Inggris, Clement Attlee, menasionalisasi
Bank of England setelah Perang Dunia II pada
tahun 1946, bukan berarti semua utang yang ditanggung rakyat Inggris
setelah Perang Dunia II dihapuskan.
Karena saat melihat grafik ini, Anda bisa melihat bahwa utang nasional
rakyat Inggris terus berlanjut, dan berada di tingkat yang sangat tinggi setelah
Perang Dunia II saat Inggris praktis bangkrut.
Dan sekarang, mari kita lihat kepemilikan swasta atas Bank of
Inggris, karena ini tipuan lainnya, dan banyak orang mengira Bank of
England milik rakyat Inggris, padahal sebenarnya masih milik para
bankir. Jadi, mari kita ke sana dan melihat plakat di luar
Bank of England ini
yang menjelaskan hal itu.
Bank of England di sini.
Dan bahkan tertulis di sini
pada benda
berbentuk piramida ini,
tertulis…
Akan kudekatkan. Tertulis, "Dekat dengan pa- panel ini adalah Royal
Exchange, yang memuat area ritel baru,
Mansion House,
kediaman resmi Lord Mayor of London selama masa jabatannya, dan Bank
of England, didirikan tahun 1694 sebagai
perusahaan swasta, kini menjalankan fungsi-fungsi bank
negara." Tertulis begitu
di sini.
Mendekatlah ke sini.
Di sinilah tempat jariku menunjuk. Bank of England,
didirikan tahun 1694 sebagai perusahaan swasta.
Didirikan
sebagai perusahaan swasta dan kini menjalankan
fungsi bank negara. Tidak dikatakan bahwa ini
bank negara milik pemerintah. Tertulis jelas hitam di atas putih,
"Didirikan pada 1694 sebagai perusahaan swasta dan kini
menjalankan fungsi bank negara."
Itu adalah perusahaan swasta
yang menerbitkan uang kertas berupa carikan kertas tak berharga dan
tidak dijamin
oleh apa pun.
Jadi, Bank of England dimiliki oleh swasta
dan menjalankan fungsi
bank negara, dan inilah yang terjadi saat nasionalisasi,
yaitu
pemerintah turun tangan dan mulai menjalankan Bank of England,
dan itulah satu-satunya
nasionalisasi yang terjadi, sementara semua utang tetap milik
para bankir Yahudi.
End of transcript · 779 words · machine translated
Original transcript (English)
The British Empire had sunk, leaving hardly a trace behind, but the City of London adapted and survived. The City of London, London's financial district, is a peculiar place. It has been called a city within a city, a state within a state.
It is run by an organization called the City of London Corporation, a private company that performs all the functions of a local council with a private police force and private courts. Those of you who aren't from the UK, some of you even who are, uh, might not be aware just how weird a thing the little City of
London is within the big ci- the big London. The City of London is, uh, an, a, a separate entity to, uh, the wider London, and it has its own, uh, head, the Lord Mayor, who's distinct from the mayor, uh, who runs the rest of London.
Every November, the city stages the Lord Mayor's Show, the world's oldest civic procession. The City of London has long had this curious legal status because, um, back in 1066 when William the Conqueror came over,
the city was one of the only portions of England that he failed to conquer, and he struck a deal with the city in 1067 that allowed them to continue functioning. To this day, the City of London is exempt from numerous laws that govern the rest of Britain.
Its political system derives from the Middle Ages. The city's electorate is dominated not by its residents, but by the private businesses operating within the city. Its Lord Mayor is selected by the heads of medieval guilds.
They have a, a representative in the House of Commons called the Remembrancer. Apart from the clerks of the court, of the House of Commons, he's the only unelected person there. All other lobbyists have to stop, you know, in the lobby.
They're not allowed- Yeah ... past the lobby. The City of London has a permanent representative in the House of Commons, whose role is to report back to the City of London Corporation and
to lobby Parliament on behalf of the city. The Corporation of London, clearly, it's a uniquely unique and interesting phenomenon that should have attracted, uh, many political scientists, political economists, and economists.
But I don't know of anyone who has studied systematically the Corporation of London and its impact on policy or economic policy, so we can only surmise.
Some people, uh, assume or surmise that the Corporation of London is extremely powerful and is able, in one way or another, to shape,
uh, British policy, particularly with in financial matters. Clement Attlee, the prime minister after the Second World War, um, ha- had, had something to say about the City of London Corporation. He did.
So, yes. Yeah. So over and over again, we have seen that there is in this country another power than that which has its seat at Westminster. The City of London, a convenient term for a collection of
financial interests, is able to assert itself against the government of the country. Those who control money can pursue a policy at
home and abroad contrary to that which has been decided by the people. At the heart of the City of London stands the Bank of England. The Bank of England is not just a central bank, it is also a
financial regulator. At the demise of empire, the Bank of England used this regulatory authority to help attract the world's banks to London. In 1972, the Bank of England- And although the Prime Minister of England, Clement Attlee, nationalized
the Bank of England after the World War II in 1946, it doesn't mean that all the debt that the British people owed after World War II was wiped off. Because when you look at this graph, you can see that the national debt of the British people has continued, and it was at a particularly high level after
World War II when England was virtually bankrupt. And so let's have a look now at the private ownership of the Bank of England, because this is another ruse, and many people think the Bank of England belongs to the people of England, when really it still belongs to the bankers. So let's go and have a look at this plaque outside the
Bank of England that tells us that. Bank of England here. And it even says here on this
pyramid-y thing, it says... I'll just bring it. It says, "Close to the pa- this panel is the Royal Exchange, which contains a new retail development, Mansion House, the
official home of the Lord Mayor of London during his year in office, and the Bank of England, founded in 1694 as a private company, is now exercising the functions of a state bank." It says it here.
Get close to it. It's here where my finger is. Bank of England, founded in 1694 as a private company. Founded as a private company and now exercising
the functions of a state bank. It doesn't say it's a government-owned state bank. It clearly says in black and white, "Founded in 1694 as a private company and now exercising the functions of a state bank." That is a private company
that issues notes that are worthless bits of paper and that are backed up by nothing. And so the Bank of England is privately owned and carries on the functions of a
state bank, and this is what happened during nationalization, was that the government stepped in and began running the Bank of England, and that's the only nationalization that's taken place, whereas all the debts still belong
to the Jewish bankers.
