English transcript

I think if we operate with extreme urgency, then we have a chance of making life multi-planetary.

It's still just a chance, not for sure.

If we don't act with extreme urgency, that chance is probably zero.

And the rate of innovation is not going to be constant.

It's either going to increase the rate of innovation or it's going to slow down.

If you look at American access to space with crew, we were able to go to the moon in 1969.

Then with the space shuttle, we could only go to low-Earth orbit.

And the space shuttle retired.

And then for almost a decade, America had no access to space with people.

So, this is a pretty bad trend. It's trending to zero.

We need a very strong trend in the other direction

in order to have any chance whatsoever of making life multi-planetary.

So, that's the reason for the extreme sense of urgency.